The Critical Role of Fire Protection in BESS: Managing Risk & Compliance

As the adoption of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) rapidly increases and they become more prevalent in energy infrastructure, so too does the need for effective fire protection strategies.

The Growing Demand for BESS Safety

These systems are beginning to play a significant role in integrating renewable energy into the existing energy supply chain that will only increase over time, but their unique fire risks require a proactive approach to safety and compliance.

At Omnii, we understand these challenges. By combining specialist expertise in fire safety engineering, special hazards, and Dangerous Goods, we help businesses implement BESS safely while meeting evolving regulatory requirements.

BESS Fire Risks

BESS units, particularly lithium-ion type (LiBESS), come with specific fire hazards due to their energy density and chemical properties. Some of the credible scenarios associated with BESS installations include the following:

Thermal Runaway

Overheating, internal defects, or external damage can trigger a reaction that causes battery cells to rapidly increase in temperature, potentially leading to fires or explosions.

Gas Emissions

Malfunctioning batteries may release toxic and flammable gases, making proper ventilation and gas detection essential.

Electrical & Thermal Failures

Failure of Battery Management Systems, poor installation, inadequate cooling, or insufficient maintenance can increase the likelihood of electrical faults and fire hazards.

Key Considerations for BESS Fire Protection

Effective fire protection requires a holistic approach, incorporating both technical solutions and strategic planning. The earlier in the process that this is considered, the lower the overall impact on project cost. For example, the Fire Safety Study outcomes typically drive the facility layout and spacing requirements.

Installing a BESS requires compliance with various state-based regulations and fire authority guidelines. One of the key requirements in this process is conducting a Hazardous Industry Planning Advisory Paper No. 2 (HIPAP2) Fire Safety Study (FSS). This study is often required by planning authorities for facilities handling hazardous materials, ensuring that potential fire risks are assessed and mitigated.

In addition, fire authorities in each state have specific guidance related to BESS fire safety:

Fire Rescue Victoria (FRV): GL-54 requires a Fire Safety Study (FSS) to HIPAP2 for any facility incorporating BESS, ensuring fire risks are systematically evaluated and addressed.

New South Wales Fire & Rescue (FRNSW): Recommends early engagement with fire authorities and adherence to HIPAP2 guidelines for high-risk energy storage facilities.

Queensland Fire & Emergency Services (QFES): Focuses on the importance of risk assessment and containment measures, and often require a FSS to be carried out in accordance with HIPAP2.

 South Australia Metropolitan Fire Service (SAMFS) & Western Australia Department of Fire & Emergency Services (DFES): Advocate for engineered fire protection solutions tailored to site-specific risks.
Early engagement with fire services is crucial to navigating these requirements efficiently. By proactively addressing compliance obligations and integrating industry best practices, businesses can reduce project risk and ensure seamless approvals from authorities.

2. Fire Detection & Suppression Options

• System to provide early detection of fire using smoke, gas, and thermal sensors to provide early warning.
• Fire suppression solutions such as aerosol-based and water mist systems to control fires at an early stage.
• Automatic shutdown protocols to isolate malfunctioning battery units and prevent fire spread.
• Options for large-scale cooling water application.

3. Containment of Contaminated Runoff

Fire incidents at BESS installations can produce significant volumes of contaminated runoff, particularly in prolonged fire events or when large areas are affected. This runoff typically consists of both toxic combustion by-products and firewater used in suppression efforts. Addressing these factors early in the design phase is critical, as they directly influence civil engineering requirements for the facility and are a key focus for regulatory approval authorities.

OMNII & Storemasta: A Holistic Approach to Fire Protection

By bringing together Omnii’s fire risk engineering expertise and Storemasta’s industry-leading BESS containment solutions, we offer businesses a complete approach to fire protection. Our partnership ensures that organisations can confidently deploy BESS technology while maintaining safety, reliability, and compliance.

Conclusion: The Future of BESS Safety

As the adoption of BESS continues to rise, fire protection is an important factor to consider in the context of the overall project. A proactive approach encompassing risk management, engineered solutions, and regulatory compliance is key to ensuring a safe and sustainable energy future. To learn more about how Omnii and Storemasta can help enhance the safety of your BESS installations, get in touch with us today.